Hello ryantan02,
That's a very common issue with borscht, but it's easily solved! You are absolutely right that an acid like vinegar or lemon juice is the key. The beautiful red color in beets comes from a pigment called betanin, which is very sensitive to heat and pH. It breaks down and turns a brownish color when cooked for a long time, especially in a neutral or alkaline liquid.
Adding an acid stabilizes this pigment and locks in the red color. The trick is to apply the acid directly to the beets
before they spend too much time in the main soup pot.
Here is the method I always use:
- Prepare your beets (peeled and grated or julienned) separately from the other soup vegetables.
- In a separate skillet, sauté the beets in a bit of oil or butter for a few minutes.
- Add your acid directly to the beets in the skillet. A good starting point is about 1 tablespoon of white vinegar or lemon juice per large beet. Continue to sauté for 10-15 minutes until the beets are tender. Some recipes also incorporate tomato paste at this stage, as tomatoes are also acidic.
- Add this beet mixture to your main soup pot only during the last 5-10 minutes of cooking. Just heat them through; do not boil them for a long time with the rest of the soup.
This method prevents the whole pot of soup from becoming too sour, as the acid is concentrated with the beets and its flavor mellows during the sauté. For a final boost of color, some chefs grate a small amount of raw beet into the soup just before serving.
For a great recipe that puts some of these principles into practice, you might enjoy this
Borscht with Tomato Juice: A Vibrant Twist on Classic Beet Soup.