Hello Maria. To determine whether the white spots on your aged cheddar are mold or calcium lactate crystals, you can look at a few distinct characteristics.
First, consider the texture. Calcium crystals are hard, gritty, and crunch slightly when you bite them, whereas mold is typically soft, fuzzy, or powdery.
Second, check the location and shape. Crystals usually form inside the protein matrix and along fracture lines or tiny fissures in aged cheeses, and they often have sharp geometric shapes. Mold tends to grow in fluffy patches on the exterior surface.
If you want to be completely sure, you can gently scrape a tiny bit off. If it dissolves between your fingers or feels like salt grains, it is calcium. If it smears or is deeply embedded with fuzzy growth, it is likely mold. With aged cheeses, crystals are completely harmless and actually a sign of good maturation.