Hello Helen, it is wonderful that you are making your own bread from scratch. Spelt frallor are fantastic, but baking them in an air fryer does present a specific challenge that is worth keeping in mind.
To answer your question directly: yes, they can easily turn out dry or develop an overly tough, leathery crust if you do not manage moisture. Air fryers work through rapid forced-air convection in a very compact chamber. While this creates great crispiness, the intense dry airflow strips surface moisture from dough very quickly. This causes the crust to set before the buns achieve their full oven spring. Additionally, spelt flour contains a more delicate gluten structure and lower water-retention capacity than standard bread flour, making it naturally more prone to drying out if baked too aggressively.
Fortunately, you do not need a specialized steam oven to get great results in an air fryer. Here are a few practical adjustments that will keep your frallor soft and moist inside:
First, introduce surface moisture before baking. Right after placing your shaped dough portions on parchment paper in the basket, generously mist the tops with water using a clean spray bottle. This delayed crust formation allows the buns to expand properly and yields a crisp, blistered crust rather than a thick, dry shell.
Second, adjust your temperature downward. Air fryers bake much faster than conventional ovens. If your recipe calls for 220C (425F), reduce the temperature to around 180C to 190C (355F to 375F). Frallor typically bake through in just 10 to 13 minutes at this temperature.
Third, consider trapping steam early in the bake. If your air fryer basket allows, you can tent a small piece of foil loosely over the buns for the first 5 minutes to trap rising steam, then remove it for the remaining time to let them brown evenly.
Finally, take care not to overbake spelt. As soon as the buns sound hollow when tapped on the bottom and reach a rich golden color, transfer them to a wire rack. Wrapping them lightly in a clean kitchen towel while cooling will also help retain a tender crumb.
With these small tweaks, your no-knead spelt frallor should turn out wonderfully light and soft. Happy baking!